CI840A 3BSE041882R1 | ABB | Certificate key memory address controller

Description

CI840A 3BSE041882R1 | ABB | Certificate key memory address controller

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Although this will have the desired effect for most of the time, it is incorrect because the first parameter of printf will be compiled as a format string. So, if str contains any format descriptors, they will be compiled like this.
For example, if str CI840A  ‘% d ‘, it will interpret the next value in the printf parameter list as an integer and convert it to a string. In this case, there are no more parameters, but the machine is not aware of this during execution; All it knows is that some parameters of the function have been pushed onto the stack.
Because there is no mechanism to tell the machine that there are no more parameters at runtime in C, printf will simply select the next item that happens to be on the stack, compile it into an integer, and print it out.

It is easy to see that CI840A  can be used to print any amount of information from the stack. For example, if str contains’% d% d% d% d ‘, the value of the next four words on the stack will be printed. Although this is a code injection security vulnerability, the only possible harm it can cause is that it can be used to retrieve data from the stack, so it can still be forgiven.
But if sensitive data (such as passwords or certificate keys) is located there, the situation will become very bad; And since attackers can also write arbitrary memory addresses there, the situation may get even worse.
What makes this terrible CI840A  possible is the format descriptor ‘% n’. Usually, the corresponding parameter is a pointer to an integer. When the format string is compiled to establish the result string, whenever it encounters’% n ‘, the number of bytes written so far is placed in the storage unit indicated by the pointer.

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